What are Bloodborne Pathogens?

Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria carried by body fluids (blood, reproductive fluids, etc). Two of the most dangerous bloodborne pathogens are HIV - the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and HBV - the Hepatitis B Virus. HIV causes AIDS that attacks the body's immune system. There is no vaccine and no cure for AIDS. HIV is NOT transmitted by casual contact, such as touching or sharing utensils or facilities. It is most often spread by sexual contact or shared IV drug needles, however, the transmission from infected blood, body fluids, or other infectious materials is possible.

The ABCs of Hepatitis

Hepatitis B virus infects the liver. It is less well-known than HIV, but much more contagious. It can severely damage the liver, leading to serious illnesses like cirrhosis or cancer, and even death. There is a vaccine available that helps protect you from contracting hepatitis B. There is another form of hepatitis that is also a bloodborne pathogen - Hepatitis C. This pathogen also infects the liver and is carried via blood and/or blood transfusions. There is no vaccine available for hepatitis C, however, all donated blood is currently screened for C. Hepatitis A is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal liver disease. It is found in the stool of infected persons and is usually spread through person-to-person contact or through contaminated food and water.

Risky Occupations

There are some occupations (police, healthcare, emergency responders, etc.), that carry a substantial risk of infection from bloodborne pathogens. In order to avoid exposure, these workers must follow a set of protective guidelines referred to as universal precautions. Even if your job doesn't expose you to body fluids, there is always a chance that someone around you will cut themselves and require your assistance. Universal precautions should always be practiced by everyone that comes in contact with other people's body fluids.

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